Oh yes! I forgot that the LDAP and local Canvas authentication both support fall-through (or fallback) authentication attempts where if the authentication fails on the primary then it tries the other providers. SAML, however, does not appear to support fall-through authentication.
I tested this by setting my local Canvas password different than my LDAP password.
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* When SAML is Position 1, LDAP Position 2, Canvas Position 3, I can log in with SAML (it uses LDAP password) but if I try my local password it just fails stuck on the SAML login page.
* When LDAP is Position 1, SAML Position 2, Canvas Position 3, I can log in with both my LDAP AND my local password so LDAP authentication supports fall-through (or fallback) authentication but must be skipping SAML otherwise the local password would get stuck at the SAML authentication.
* When Canvas is Position 1, SAML Position 2, LDAP Position 3, I can log in with both my LDAP AND my local password so the local Canvas authentication supports fall-through (or fallback) authentication but must be skipping SAML as well.
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So at least our students and instructors should still be able to log into Canvas when LDAP is primary but the Logout redirects to the local Canvas URL.
It still does not look technically correct for the logout but functionally due to the fallback that LDAP supports then the login should still work.
Instructure Support (first level) said they checked with their next level support and that it was default when logging out for it to redirect to /login/canvas and they did not see a way to update this from their end. They believe it is a setting made on our institution LDAP end. I sent them a link to this discussion to point out another Canvas institution appears to have been able to redirect the logout to /login/ldap (or maybe just to the root which would auto redirect to that as the default).
Did your institution configure something on your LDAP side to make Canvas redirect upon Logout to the /login/ldap path? I am checking with my Network guy on this but I tend to think this is a setting on Instructure Canvas side but have no idea since it is a black box for us. I wonder if an Instructure sys admin or certain engineer would be more familiar with this but getting a hold of them is the challenge.