Sadly, they are just positioned by numeric index: see the API at https://canvas.instructure.com/doc/api/users.html#method.users.get_dashboard_positions
Update dashboard positions
With the only split that I see implemented between published and unpublished courses.
One could use a tool such as Tampermonkey to manipulate the javascript in the browser to do what you want. In the redesign of the dashboard there is a <div class="unpublished_courses_redesign">
that can contain a set of <div class="ic-DashboardCard__box"> that contains a heading and the courses under this heading. And then a set of <div class="ic-DashboardCard" aria-label="Coursename1" draggable="true" style="opacity: 1;">
So one could make a set of <div class="ic-DashboardCard__box"> that contain headers for Åsa's courses, then the dahsboard cards for Åsa's courses; Bertil's courses with his dashboard cards, etc.
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