You can pass custom fields to the LTI tool. See for example the output of a GET for the following:
http://www.canvas.docker:80/api/v1/courses/2/external_tools/2
{ "id": 2, "domain": null, "url": "https://localhost:3597/announce", "consumer_key": "test", "name": "ChipIT", "description": "A test for being able to automate degree project presentation announcements.", "created_at": "2019-06-01T11:01:19Z", "updated_at": "2019-07-06T13:28:50Z", "privacy_level": "anonymous", "custom_fields": { "sis_id": "$Canvas.user.sisSourceId", "user_sis_id": "$Person.sourcedId", "context_source_id": "$Context.sourcedId", "context_title": "$Context.title", "context_id": "$Context.id", "message_documenttarget": "$Message.documentTarget", "module_id": "$Canvas.module.id", "module_id_item": "$Canvas.moduleItem.id", "chip_canvas_module_id": "$Canvas.module.id", "chip_canvas_module_item_id": "$Canvas.moduleItem.id", "chip2_canvas_module_id": "${Canvas.module.id}", "chip2_canvas_module_item_id": "${Canvas.moduleItem.id}", "chip3_com_instructure_context_label": "$com.instructure.contextLabel", "coursecode": "$Canvas.course.id", "userid": "$Canvas.user.sisSourceId" }, "workflow_state": "anonymous", "vendor_help_link": null, "account_navigation": null, "similarity_detection": null, "assignment_edit": null, "assignment_menu": null, "assignment_selection": null, "assignment_view": null, "collaboration": null, "course_assignments_menu": null, "course_home_sub_navigation": null, "course_navigation": { "default": "enabled", "display_type": "full_width_in_context", "enabled": "true", "text": "ChipIt", "windowTarget": "_self", "url": "https://localhost:3597/announce", "visibility": "admins", "label": "ChipIt", "selection_width": 800, "selection_height": 400 }, "course_settings_sub_navigation": null, "discussion_topic_menu": null, "editor_button": null, "file_menu": null, "global_navigation": null, "homework_submission": null, "link_selection": null, "migration_selection": null, "module_menu": null, "post_grades": null, "quiz_menu": null, "resource_selection": null, "student_context_card": null, "tool_configuration": null, "user_navigation": null, "wiki_page_menu": null, "not_selectable": false, "version": "1.1" }
It passes the custom fields to the external LTI tool.
Chip