@ag3811 have you tried to browse to your server with your browser?
Do you see web server log entries for your manual efforts?
If you seen no log entries when trying to access with a browser, then I would ask if the URL is pointing where you think it is?
What is the public IP address of your server?
What result do you get from a dns lookup?
If all that is fine....
I would try removing all firewalls if possible.
When I am developing I put an entry in my hosts file to point at my dev machine.
This way when I launch from Canvas, the LTI runs direction from the machine I'm on with no interference.
Try this on your server (if you have a ui) or from a machine on the local network.