Hi @ameriwether,
You can use SIS IDs wherever Canvas would accept an ID by prepending it with sis_{thing}_id:. For example, to get a course with the SIS ID of "2242-BIOL-101-01-1234," you would use the following URL: https://yourschool.instructure.com/courses/sis_course_id:2242-BIOL-101-01-1234. It's also the same with users: https://yourschool.instructure.com/users/sis_user_id:whatever-my-user-ids-look-like.
Likewise, if you're using integration ids, you can use sis_integration_id in place of sis_user/course_id.
More information is available in the documentation for Object IDs, SIS IDs, and special IDs.
I hope this helps!