@mlam , are you per-chance new to using Tableau? I ask because you've asked two questions that to me aren't about Tableau at all, but are about obtaining data. That said, I don't use Tableau, so maybe it's my perspective (or lack thereof), but I understood that it would analyze data and that there are some connectors, like to RedShift, but you basically want tabular data to do any analysis.
The question to me becomes how do I obtain the custom columns data. The question of whether that is used in Tableau or Excel or put into a database is mostly irrelevant. I don't think any of those (again, I don't use Tableau) is going to make the API calls needed to obtain the information.
So, I'm not sure if you're wanting a turnkey solution or you're just wanting to know how you can get the data so you can analyze it in Tableau. It may be that you're associating Canvas Data with Tableau because that's the software you use.
Anyway, I don't see the custom gradebook columns in Canvas Data, so you'll need to get them through the Custom Gradebook Columns API. That API involves the gradebook on a course level, so you'll need to obtain a list of courses that have custom columns and then iterate over those, obtaining the information.
Yes, the notes is considered a custom gradebook column. When I fetch a list of custom columns for one of our courses, then I get this

When I ask to list the column data for id=228, it gives the "content" (value) and "user_id" (Canvas User ID) for each item.
You get the great pleasure of doing this for every course, but at least it gives you all of the students for the course, so it's two API calls per class (one to get the gradebook column id and one to fetch the data). You will also have to worry about pagination of results if any of your courses have more than 100 students in them as the per_page query parameter is limited to 100.
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