I do not see any option for students to directly record audio at the moment, however there is a file upload question type where you can have students upload files saved on their device's built in voice recorder. The prompt that students see looks like this:

You might want to voice your support for a question type devoted to audio submissions in this idea conversation:
https://community.canvaslms.com/t5/Idea-Conversations/New-Quizzes-new-question-type-Audio-recording/...
One of the current priorities for new quizzes is transitioning to the new content editor that you can already use in the rest of canvas. https://community.canvaslms.com/t5/The-Canvas-tl-dr/Quizzes-Planned-Priorities-and-Roadmap-2021/ba-p...
That editor includes a record media option and so that might update existing essay question types enough to meet your needs. For now, your students would need to upload media there as well.
essay question textbox with upload media highlighted
audio upload pop-up
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