Thanks for the tip! It turns out that since this is my return to Canvas after a five year gap, I was making a user error. Canvas doesn't send the invitations until the course is published. However there are a couple reasons you could miss this I'd suggest to them. I noticed many people have posted this question and I also noticed they are often people who are using Canvas independent from a University. The reason that's significant is independent users have to populate their own roster and I'd bet many of them are making the same mistake.
Below is the "Publish/ UnPublished" button. To me it looks like "Published" is selected because it is checked. However the red "Unpublished" rectangle is not a button even though the edges have skeumorphic shading to make it look raised like a button. You press the "Publish" rectangle to publish the course. I was misinterpreting the check to mean that was selected. I'd put it "Course Status: Unpublished".

I'd also suggest more clear feedback when you resend invitations before the course is published. Maybe give people the option to send invitations beforehand anyway so Students can set up accounts, just about every professor I know is still tweaking course content right before the semester, but they have their rosters before that. Just suggestions though, I really appreciate being back on Canvas.
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