Hello there, @DigitalMedieval ...
I'm not sure that I have an exact answer for you, but I do understand what you are looking for given the example you shared. Before my current job, I worked at a Technical College in Wisconsin, and I recall at least one instructor there using some kind of embedded interactive timeline that he created. It was horizontal, however, but it had some interactive stuff in it...like users could scrub through the timeline and click on different things. Unfortunately, I don't remember what the name of that one was.
So...other ideas... Well, one idea was to create a table in the Rich Content Editor that would hold information either in a left or right cell with a border in the middle. The problem with tables, though, are that they can have accessibility issues...and tables are generally used to hold data.
Has your school purchased DesignPLUS from Cidi Labs? If so, you might be able to do something similar to tables but instead use their "Columns" and "Cards" features. They even have a "Flashcards" feature which essentially would be clicking on the front of a flashcard, and then it flips over on the screen so students can see more information about the card on the other side. That would be something kind of cool for your timeline. Here's where you can see how those work: Design Matters Digest: April 2025 Edition | Cidi Labs.
Also, I wanted to point you to Sean Nufer's blog because he's got an interesting solution for his own courses: How to create an interactive timeline in Canvas | GoToStage.com.
I know these aren't exact solutions to what you are looking for, but I wanted to provide some alternatives that you might consider. There may be others that come to offer their own solutions, so I'll defer to them.
Hope this helps in some way...for what it's worth.
Be well...take care...