It doesn't look like there is a way to view the edit history for a quiz (like there is for content pages). However, if a student took the quiz before it was overwritten that attempt will show the quiz questions from before.
Other options include looking at your test and beta instances of Canvas. These are refreshed with data from production monthly and weekly, respectively, and might help you find the information you seek. Information about these instances is in a Canvas Guides document What is the Canvas release schedule for beta, production, and test environments?
