I'm wondering if this is necessarily true. It is probably true for Instructure-hosted tenants, but I've noticed that when I spin-up a self-hosted Canvas instance (from the open-source GitHub project) and generate a developer key, the first client_id is always 10000000000001. And the 'iss' claim in the token is "https://canvas.instructure.com".
I'm not sure if this definitively answers the question, but the LTI 1.3 spec states: "A resource server, e.g., platform instance, is uniquely identified by its issuer, client_id, and deployment_id ..." So I think it's probably safe to treat this triplet as globally unique. Canvas, at least, uses uuids for course ids, and as these are part of the deployment_id there should be no collision.