I know this post is now several years old, though it was the first result when I was searching for any kind of way to interact with the Canvas Plagiarism Framework through the API.
I managed to find a way to identify if an assignment has Plagiarism Framework enabled by calling the show_assignment endpoint with the webhook_info include parameter. For example:
https://canvas.instructure.com/api/v1/courses/123/assignments/456?include[]=webhook_info
This gave an additional key in the assignment JSON with the selected tool's info:
"webhook_info": {
"product_code": "turnitin-lti",
"vendor_code": "turnitin.com",
"resource_type_code": "tiiasmtset",
"tool_proxy_id": 1,
"tool_proxy_created_at": "2022-07-07T14:17:53Z",
"tool_proxy_updated_at": "2022-07-07T14:17:56Z",
"tool_proxy_name": "Turnitin Plagiarism Dectection",
"tool_proxy_context_type": "Account",
"tool_proxy_context_id": 1,
"subscription_id": "11111111-2222-3333-4444-555566667777"
},
It's not perfect, but it at least allows us to iterate through all the assignments and determine if Turnitin is enabled.