The user_id in an LTI launch can be looked up by using the special prefixed as outlined in: https://canvas.instructure.com/doc/api/file.object_ids.html
If you're getting the ID through a LTI 1.1 launch then you can use a prefix of 'lti_1_1_id:' so to lookup the user_id from your example you'd make an API request (with an token) to https://inst.instructure.com/api/v1/users/lti_1_1_id:9dfd5a225d8c9dacba7302c095df431b5e40fb63 and it should return details of the user.
NB: This doesn't work for everyone, if someone access your Canvas instance who you can't view details of it will fail, an example of this is Instructure Support when they access a tool. They can access your instance, but a token that you use to lookup details won't find anything. But these users are very rare in most cases.