Hello @djohansen. Documenting outcome achievement requires that an outcome be part of a rubric and that rubric be attached to an assignment or quiz. A Canvas assignment does not have to be online -- one of the options for the submission type is "On Paper":
Submission Type: On Paper
With this type of assignment that has your rubric (including an outcome) attached to it, you will then be able to document outcome achievement via the SpeedGrader.
Your question about practice quizzes is a good one. There is a place in the Instructure Community to suggest changes to Canvas: Idea Conversations - Instructure Community