@HarrisonOtis,
The document that @ProfessorBeyrer referred to has a section at the top with a blue background that perhaps explains the issue.
Roll Call Attendance Badges are included in course reports if they were created at the most immediate account or sub-account level and have been assigned to students. If the course belongs to a sub-account, only badges created at the sub-account level will appear in reports. If the course does not belong to a sub-account, only badges created at the account level will appear in reports. Additionally, the badges will also only be included if they were set within the time frame you specify in the report.
It sounds like the badges might have been your own creation, rather than being created at the sub-account or account level. The last sentence says it's not something you can retroactively add. That is, if an admin adds an account badge for "Tardy", Canvas will not automatically match the instructor's "Tardy" badge to that. They are separate badges.
Sorry to say, but it sounds like your process of going through each student individually appears to be the only way you're going to get this information.
Things like this are typical for Roll Call attendance, which is part of why I don't recommend it to people. I quickly gave up on it (I've been using Canvas for about 10 years) because I keep track of the percentage of each class that a student comes to, not just a tardy and it didn't meet my needs. I have small classes with no seating charts and a spreadsheet with rows for students and columns for days makes it easy to record information and then generate the data that I need, but that won't work for everyone.
To complete the cycle, here is the documentation on how an administrator can add badges to Roll Call attendance. It also has a nice section at the top with a blue background explaining some of the things to watch out for.
Since your department has this attendance policy, perhaps you could get them to establish some uniform badges at the sub-account level that instructors could use and that would allow reporting. That is something you would need to bring to their attention, most Canvas admins aren't going to do it on their own.