Hi @KarlijnvanA,
I think there might be a slight bit of confusion on what the grading scheme in intended to do. At it's core, it's really about translating a numeric score (whether points or percentage) to some kind of letter grade. I have seen some more unique uses like you're attempting here in the community before, but the results will definitely be mixed.
A grade scheme will never change the underlying points structure (points or possible or points earned) for an assignment (there is an edge case using the numeric schemes where entering a grade in the Gradebook may not work as expected, but that doesn't apply to quizzes). So, if you have a quiz that was created as being worth 20 points, it'll always be worth 20 points in the gradebook. The numeric grade scheme you created may make things appear to be worth a different points amount, but that's just a visual display, not changing any points or calculations.
If you're using "Classic quizzes", the points for a quiz are the sum of the points for each question in that quiz, so I'd recommend adjusting the question values to get the points to be 10 if that's what you desire. If you're using "New Quizzes" you can set the quiz points independently from the questions, so you'd just set the quiz assignment to be worth 10 points instead of 20 (se the How do I create a quiz using New Quizzes? - Instructure Community - 1173 guide). In either of these cases, I'd say you could adjust for future quizzes, but changing existing quizzes is not something I'd personally recommend because you'll likely run into all kinds of different grade change scenarios that will not be what you want.
I hope this info helps!
-Chris