Hi, @daktari ...
The short answer is no. You are not able to hide the settings link, at least without custom JS, which I don't have much knowledge about. However if you are not looking to use any JavaScript or develop your theme file, then no, you're not able to disable it from teachers.
However, as an admin, you are able to prevent teachers from changing some specific features in their course settings, such as if students can or can't see the course before or after the start date, when the course starts and ends, and the course name and those details. It all depends on how you have things set up, though.
I hope this points you in the right direction, feel free to reach out with any additional questions!
Noah