Hi Derek! I know these syncs can be a pain. But luckily Canvas has lots of documentation to help. I find that the SIS IMPORT documentation, which is linked when you click on the SIS IMPORT from your Canvas Admin page is very helpful to learn about each sync'd file and the data it collects. The header columns are explained in detail. (SEE IMAGE)

Also you can download the provisioning file from the Canvas Admin Page --> SETTINGS --> REPORTS tab. There are lots of additional reports, but you are looking for the Provisioning Report. Choose the term and select the files you want. Be mindful it can take a lot of time if you have a lot of data.