Hi @KristinaB,
I don't believe there is really a single source to pull this info from. In the UI, teachers/admins can use the New Analytics attendance tab to get this information (depending how attendance is configured for your Canvas instance), but I don't believe there's an API to pull that out into excel. There is the student access report that does list now many times the student participated, but the only date is the the last viewed, which may not be when they participated, so that report is ruled out.
With the API, you can make a series of calls to list quizzes, discussions, and assignments then see if the student has any submissions from those and if so when the submission was made. You'd use the most recent date found there. It's a lot of API calls, especially for courses with a lot of assignments and discussions, so be prepared to wait a minute or two for all of the API calls to complete.
As an alternative, I'm sure you could do some lookups in Canvas Data as well, which might be faster than going the API route. Unfortunately, I'm not a Canvas Data expert at all, so I can't really give any guidance, but wanted to mention it as a possibility.
I hope this helps a bit. If someone else happens to know a better way to do this, I'm sure they will chime in here too!
-Chris